The Federal Office for Information Security (BSI) aims to sensitize manufacturers and the public regarding security risks of networked medical devices in Germany. In response to the often fatal security reports and press releases of networked medical devices, the BSI initiated the project Manipulation of Medical Devices (ManiMed) in 2019. In this project, a security analysis of selected products is carried out through security assessments followed by Coordinated Vulnerability Diclosure (CVD) processes. The project report was published on December 31, 2020, and can be accessed on the BSI website1.
Continue reading Continue readingPentesting the ELK Stack
With this blog post, I will provide information on how to proceed when testing ELK Stack landscapes. Information regarding the exploitation of the ELK Stack is very rare on the internet. Therefore, following article aims to provide you with some approaches that can be useful during a penetration test.
Disclaimer:
All information below were collected during a research project and there is no claim for completeness. The guide focuses on ELK Stack deployments for Linux machines. Further, this article does not include information for identifying misconfigurations in a white-box configuration audit.
Continue reading Continue readingERNW White Paper 70 – HL7 FHIR: Preserving Distributed Resource Integrity
With this blog post I am pleased to announce the publication of a new ERNW White Paper about the HL7 FHIR communication standard.
Introduction
Digital networking is already widespread in many areas of life. More and more medical devices are also being networked in the healthcare industry. This growth makes the development and use of new medical communication standards necessary since existing solutions can only meet the changing requirements with great effort. The HL7 FHIR standard is an example of such a medical communication standard. FHIR is said to have increased the interoperability between different medical contexts,e.g., administration, billing, and clinical care, to enable data exchange of various systems. The FHIR standard addresses the security risks associated with strongly networked communication from a large number of systems across the trust and organizational boundaries only indirectly because FHIR does not define mandatory security controls or requirements.
Continue reading Continue readingRoot Cause Analysis of a Heap-Based Buffer Overflow in GNU Readline
In the last blog post, we discussed how fuzzers determine the uniqueness of a crash. In this blog post, we discuss how we can manually triage a crash and determine the root cause. As an example, we use a heap-based buffer overflow I found in GNU readline 8.1 rc2, which has been fixed in the newest release. We use GDB and rr for time-travel debugging to determine the root cause of the bug.
Continue reading Continue readingSecurity Advisories for SolarWinds N-Central
In August 2020 we reported six vulnerabilities in SolarWinds N-Central 12.3.0.670 to the vendor.
The following CVE IDs were assigned to the issues :
- CVE-2020-25617: RCE in N-Central Administration Console (AdvancedScripts Endpoint)
- CVE-2020-25618: Local Privilege Escalation from nable User to root (N-Central Backend Server)
- CVE-2020-25619: Access to Internal Services through SSH Port Forwarding (N-Central Backend Server)
- CVE-2020-25620: SolarWinds Support Account with Default Credentials
- CVE-2020-25621: Local Database does not require Authentication (N-Central Backend Server)
- CVE-2020-25622: CSRF in N-Central Administration Console (AdvancedScripts Endpoint)
The vulnerabilities have been found in the course of an extensive research project, in which we analyze the security of multiple Unified Endpoint Management (UEM) solutions. Similar vulnerabilities have been found in other solutions as we pointed out in previous posts about the Ivanti DSM Suite and Nagios XI. The final outcome of the research project will be published as a whitepaper and possibly conference talk as soon as the project including all disclosure processes concludes.
Continue reading Continue readingHow Fuzzers Decide if a Crash is Unique
This blogpost sheds some light on how fuzzers handle crash deduplication and what a unique crash is for a fuzzer. For this, we take a look at two contrived examples and compare the unique crashes identified by AFL++ and honggfuzz.
Both examples are similar. They read from STDIN, check if the first character of the read data is a digit, then call a vulnerable function. The main difference in test1.c is that the program crashes directly in the vuln function due to a null pointer dereference. In test2.c, a previously allocated buffer is freed; this buffer is again freed at the end of main, resulting in libc identifying the double free and raising a sigabort.
Continue reading Continue readingVMware NSX-T MITM Vulnerability (CVE-2020-3993)
NSX-T is a Software-Defined-Networking (SDN) solution of VMware which, as its basic functionality, supports spanning logical networks across VMs on distributed ESXi and KVM hypervisors. The central controller of the SDN is the NSX-T Manager Cluster which is responsible for deploying the network configurations to the hypervisor hosts.
This summer, I looked into the mechanism which is used to add new KVM hypervisor nodes to the SDN via the NSX-T Manager. By tracing what happens on the KVM host, I discovered that the KVM hypervisor got instructed to download the NSX-T software packages from the NSX-T Manager via unencrypted HTTP and install them without any verification. This enables a Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) attacker on the network path to replace the downloaded packages with malicious ones and compromise the KVM hosts.
Continue reading Continue readingXSS Vulnerability in Froala WYSIWYG HTML Editor
Recently, I had a brief look at the Froala WYSIWYG HTML Editor (v3.2.0) as there was a post about it on the Full Disclosure mailing list.
When targeting a HTML Editor, I guess one of the first things that everybody does is to check for XSS vulnerabilities. So I tried the usual XSS payloads (a great resource for XSS payloads is the XSS cheat sheet by PortSwigger) within the editor’s code view, but did not have much luck with the common payloads as they were filtered. However, using the HTML object tag, it was possible to trigger an XSS.
Continue reading Continue readingMicrosoft Office Telemetry: Report Release
The German Federal Office for Information Security (orig., ger., Bundesamt für Sicherheit in der Informationstechnik – BSI) has published our report on Microsoft Office Telemetry.
Microsoft has released a set of privacy settings for Office, one of which enables users to configure the type and amount of diagnostic (i.e., telemetry) data that Office may send to Microsoft. When deployed, it is available in the form of a group policy setting. It allows users to configure one of the following diagnostic data levels: required, optional, or neither. The report we produced:
Continue reading Continue readingForklift <=3.3.9 and <=3.4 Local Privilege Escalations on macOS (CVE-2020-15349/CVE-2020-27192)
I have started to have a look at my local installed helpers on macOS. These helpers are used as an interface for applications to perform privileged operations on the system. Thus, it is quite a nice attack surface to search for Local Privilege Escalations.
Forklift is an advanced dual pane file manager for macOS. It is well known under macOS power users.
As part of my investigation I identified vulnerabilities in Forklift allowing local privilege escalation.
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