Breaking

From Black Hat USA 2026 to ERNW Whitepaper 78: Breaking Kubernetes Multi-Tenancy

Last week, Sven and I had the incredible opportunity to give our first talk at Black Hat USA 2026, titled Breaking Multi-Tenancy Over and Over, and What We Can Learn From This.

In our presentation, we explored the security challenges of namespace-based multi-tenancy in Kubernetes. We demonstrated real-world attacks against Kubeflow, Istio, and Traefik that can break the intended isolation between namespaces and workloads. One of the highlights was demonstrating a privilege-escalation attack we discovered that allowed us to gain cluster-admin privileges.

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Breaking

Beats Studio Buds: Insecure Pairing Window

As part of our Bluetooth Audio security research, we found a security vulnerability in Apple’s Beats Studio Buds’ pairing mechanism. The devices were found vulnerable to an insecure Bluetooth pairing window in which an attacker could pair with the earbuds without user interaction and establish a valid Bluetooth bonding. This would allow an attacker to eavesdrop on the victim through the earbuds’ microphone, play audio on the device, or track the device via Bluetooth Low Energy.

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Breaking

Vulnerability Disclosure: Stealing Emails via Firefox’s AI Features

Imagine the following: You visit a webpage with a lot of text you don’t want to read and ask your AI assistant for a summary. A few moments later, the AI assistant has extracted one of your emails and sent it to an attacker without you ever knowing.

In October 2025, we found exactly this vulnerability in Firefox’s AI chatbot integration1.

Firefox offers a summarization, explaination and proofread AI feature. When a user makes use of one of these features, Firefox pastes a prompt into the sidebar AI chat including the page title, the selected text (or, if the whole page is summarized, a selection is being made by Firefox) and an instruction on how to process the provided text. The sidebar AI chat is essentially an IFrame of a third-party chatbot (Claude, Copilot, …).

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Breaking, Misc

CVE-2026-47237 – Overly Permissive Istio Permissions Allow Kubeflow Authorization Token Stealing

Kubeflow is vulnerable to the theft of authorization tokens by any user of the Kubeflow UI or APIs, such as the Dashboard, Pipelines API, or Notebooks. With this token, the attacker can take over the user’s account and the data that is processed by that user. The attacker needs a valid user with the kubeflow-edit or Contributor role in a random Kubeflow namespace to perform this attack. This is given if Automatic Profile Creation is enabled. A setup based on the official manifests prior to version 1.10, and on most other packaged Kubeflow distributions, is vulnerable.

The Istio edit permissions were removed by Kubeflow in a timely manner. Affected users should update to the latest version to mitigate this issue.

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Breaking

Disclosure: Command Injection in Geutebrück Cameras

During a penetration test for a customer, we identified a command injection vulnerability in Geutebrück security cameras that allows authenticated attackers to execute arbitrary commands as root through the web interface. The root cause is unsanitized user input being passed into a sed script (and at least 12 other CGI endpoints). In addition to the injection, we identified an XSS vulnerability, an exposed system menu leaking configuration and log data, and an insecure GET-parameter-to-environment-variable mapping that enables abuse of variables like LD_PRELOAD and LD_DEBUG. We reported the findings to Geutebrück and a patched firmware was provided. This post walks through how we got from a  sed error message to a root shell.

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Breaking

Vulnerabilities in Broadcom VMware Aria Operations: Privilege Escalation (CVE-2025-41245 / CVE-2026-22721)

During a customer project, we identified privilege escalation vulnerabilities in Broadcom VMware Aria Operations. It is possible to escalate the privileges of an administrative vCenter user to an Aria administrator and take over systems integrated in Aria. Meaning, the vCenter user can gain privileged access to systems they have no access to. While both users might sound similarly privileged, this is not true in most environments – especially not in complex corporate environments: An insignificant vCenter user in a development environment can take over all other vCenters in a complex corporate environment.

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Breaking

Hacking a Bluetooth Printer Server: GATT to UART Adapter?

This blog post describes the journey of how we discovered an interesting Bluetooth SoC within the Datong NP330, a Printer Server IoT device. Our initial goal was to reverse-engineer and analyze the Bluetooth controller that is included in the device. So we wanted to be able to dump the firmware or, if possible, get shell access on the printer server. During that journey we found a few vulnerabilities that ultimately let an attacker fully compromise the device. This is possible over Bluetooth or network via unauthenticated remote code execution with root privileges.

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Breaking

BlackBoxAI: AI Agent can get your computer fully compromised

AI agents are here, there, and everywhere. Smarter, faster, and more skilled, they gain greater autonomy and trust. We trust their capabilities to do many tasks much faster and sometimes better than we can. We trust them as they usually demonstrate their eagerness to please us and fulfill our commands. Isn’t that too good to be true, and we might be dealing with a double-edged sword here? Can attackers use the same capabilities of the AI agents to attack their own users? Can they exploit their eagerness to please their users to fulfill the attackers’ intentions? And most importantly: what’s the worst that could happen if you fully trust some random AI Agent?

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Breaking

Vulnerability Disclosure: JWT Authentication Bypass in OpenID Connect Authenticator for Tomcat

During a customer project we identified an issue with the validation of JWT tokens that allowed us to bypass the authentication by using unsigned tokens with arbitrary payloads. During analysis we found out that this is caused by a vulnerability within the library OpenID Connect Authenticator for Tomcat.

OpenID Connect Authenticator for Tomcat between versions 2.0.0 and 2.5.0, as well as the current state on branch master contain a security flaw (introduced with commit 64e9a99) that allows attackers to bypass JWT signature validation easily.

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Breaking

Release of ERNW White Paper 73: Analyzing WinpMem Driver Vulnerabilities

Today we are releasing a new white paper that delivers a technical analysis of security weaknesses discovered in WinpMem, an open-source Windows memory acquisition driver widely used in digital forensics.

After a concise primer on relevant Windows internals (virtual vs. physical memory, page tables and PTEs, CR3 context switching, and kernel and user memory separation), the report examines how both the fundamental design of WinpMem and specific implementation choices create severe risk.

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